Osteoporosis is a silent disease that weakens bones, making them more prone to fractures. It often goes unnoticed until a fracture occurs. Bone density scans, also known as DEXA (Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) scans, play a crucial role in diagnosing osteoporosis early and preventing complications.
As one of the best radiologists in Dehradun, Dr. Deepti Agarwal specializes in advanced imaging techniques like bone density scans to help assess bone health accurately. In this blog, we’ll explore how bone density scans work, who needs them, and why they are essential for osteoporosis diagnosis and prevention.
What is a Bone Density Scan (DEXA Scan)?
A bone density scan is a painless and non-invasive imaging test that measures bone mineral density (BMD). It helps detect bone loss at an early stage, allowing doctors to take preventive measures before fractures occur.
- Uses low-dose X-rays to measure bone strength
- Most commonly performed on the spine, hip, and wrist
- Takes only 10-15 minutes
- Safe and effective for all age groups
A higher bone density means stronger bones, while lower bone density indicates a risk of osteoporosis and fractures.
Why is a Bone Density Scan Important?
Many people don’t realize they have osteoporosis until they suffer a fracture from a minor fall or injury. A bone density scan helps:
- Detect bone loss early – before fractures happen
- Assess fracture risk – especially in older adults
- Monitor osteoporosis treatment effectiveness
- Identify osteopenia (mild bone loss) before it progresses to osteoporosis
A timely bone density test can prevent painful fractures, improve bone health, and guide early treatment strategies.
Who Should Get a Bone Density Scan?
Doctors recommend a DEXA scan if you:
- Are over 50 and have risk factors for osteoporosis
- Have a family history of osteoporosis or fractures
- Are postmenopausal and at risk of bone loss
- Have had fractures from minor falls or injuries
- Take medications that affect bone strength (such as steroids)
- Have conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disorders, or calcium deficiency
Both men and women can develop osteoporosis, so early testing is crucial for long-term bone health.
How is a Bone Density Scan Performed?
The DEXA scan is simple, painless, and quick. Here’s what to expect:
- You will lie down on a padded table
- A scanning arm will pass over your body
- The machine sends low-dose X-rays through your bones
- Your bone density is calculated and compared to normal values
The results are given as T-scores:
- T-score above -1.0 – Normal bone density
- T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 – Osteopenia (early bone loss)
- T-score below -2.5 – Osteoporosis (high fracture risk)
Your doctor will use these results to decide if lifestyle changes, medications, or further monitoring are needed.
How to Maintain Strong Bones & Prevent Osteoporosis
If your bone density scan shows signs of bone loss, Dr. Deepti Agarwal recommends the following steps to keep your bones strong:
- Increase Calcium Intake – Dairy products, leafy greens, and nuts
- Get Enough Vitamin D – Sun exposure and supplements
- Exercise Regularly – Weight-bearing activities like walking and strength training
- Avoid Smoking & Excess Alcohol – Both weaken bones over time
- Follow Medication Guidelines – If prescribed for osteoporosis treatment
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